Root canal treatment, also known as endodontic therapy, is a dental procedure designed to save a tooth that has been severely damaged or infected. The treatment involves removing the infected or inflamed pulp from inside the tooth, cleaning and disinfecting the interior, and then filling and sealing it to prevent further infection.
A tooth’s pulp can become damaged due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures on the tooth, or a crack or chip in the tooth. When the pulp becomes infected, it can cause severe pain and lead to abscess formation. Symptoms indicating the need for a root canal include severe toothache, prolonged sensitivity to hot or cold, discoloration of the tooth, and swelling or tenderness in nearby gums.
During a root canal procedure, the dentist will first numb the affected area with local anesthesia to ensure the patient’s comfort. Then, an opening is made in the crown of the tooth to access the pulp chamber. Special instruments are used to remove the diseased pulp tissue and clean the root canals thoroughly. The canals are then shaped, disinfected, and filled with a biocompatible material called gutta-percha. Finally, the tooth is sealed with a temporary filling, and later a permanent filling or crown is placed to restore the tooth’s function and appearance.
Root canal treatment has a high success rate and allows patients to retain their natural teeth, which is always preferable to extraction. Keeping the natural tooth helps maintain proper chewing function, natural appearance, and alignment of the surrounding teeth. After the procedure, patients may experience mild discomfort, which can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. Most patients can resume normal activities the next day.
With proper care and regular dental check-ups, a tooth that has undergone root canal treatment can last a lifetime. This procedure is an essential part of modern dentistry, helping to preserve oral health and prevent the need for more invasive treatments.